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This chronology highlight some events in the history of
forgery and hoaxes.
It covers -
Context
is provided by the broader timeline
about media and communications history.
gods and monsters
c300 forged letter from Jesus Christ to Abgar of Edessa
c760 forgery of the Donation of Constantine
1119 forgery of Pope Calixtus II's bull Ad hoc in
Apostolicae
1353 Shroud of Turin discovered in France?
1389 described by the Bishop of Troyes as a cunning fraud
1519 Lorenzo Valla exposes Donation of Constantine
1653 Luca Giordano forges Durer Christ Healing the
Cripple
1677 English Statute of Frauds
diplomatics and the age of Ossian
1681 Mabillon's De Re Diplomatica
1699 Richard Bentley's Dissertation upon The Epistles
of Phalaris
1704 Psalmanazar's An Historical and Geographical
Description of Formosa
1756 Charles Bertram's 'Richard of Cirencester' forgery
1761 James Macpherson produces 'Ossian' forgery
1761 Price v Neal case in England is foundation
of modern cheque regime
1769 Thomas Chatterton's 'Rowley' forgery
1780 John Jordan 'discovers' the will of Shakespeare's
father
1791 Iolo Morganwg's Cyfrinach Beirdd Ynys Prydain
1794 William Henry Ireland starts 'discovering' Shakespeare
manuscripts
1796 Ireland discovers Vortigen & Rowena
1829 Etienne Leon de Lamothe-Langon's Histoire de
l'Inquisition en France
1832 UK abolishes capital punishment for banknote forgery
Wainewright to Dreyfus
1837 Thomas Griffiths Wainewright convicted of forgery
1839 Alexander Humphrys forgery case
1852 John Payne Collier announces 'discovery' of annotated
Shakespeare Second Folio
1861 Constantine Simonides's 'St Matthew, James &
Jude' papyrus forgeries
1870 Vrain-Denis Lucas convicted of forging letters from
Mary Magdalene, Cleopatra and others
1873 Pietro Pennelli's 'Etruscan' terracottas accepted
by Louvre
1879 William Mahan's 'Archko Volume'
1898 beginning of Dreyfus Affair
1898 Muller, Feith & Fruin's Manual for the Arrangement
& Description of Archives
fossils and fantasists
1906 Appell, Darboux & Poincaré demonstrate
that Dreyfus bordereau is a forgery
1910 Edmund Backhouse's Bodleian donation
1912 Piltdown forgery
1921 Philip Grave in The Times exposes Protocols
of Elders of Zion
1925 Otto Wacker forges 'Van Gogh' paintings by the
score
1926 Magdalene King-Hall's The Diary of a Young Lady
of Fashion in the Year 1764-1765
1926 exposure of Hungarian government involvement in counterfeiting
French currency
1929 International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting
Currency
1935 Fritz Kreisler reveals that he authored some 'Vivaldi'
and 'Couperin' scores
Meegeren and Mussolini
1946 Hans van Meegeren paints 'Vermeer' in prison
1952 Joseph Weiner exposes Piltdown fraud
1955 George F Kennan definitely exposes 'Sisson Documents'
forgery
1965 Vinland Map first published
1966 counterfeiting scare in Australia after introduction
of decimal currency
1967 'Mussolini' diaries bought by Sunday Times
1967 Elmyr de Hory exposed as forging Dufy, Picasso, Derain
etc
1968 Frederic Prokosch's 'Butterfly' first edition forgeries
1970 UN Convention
on the Means of Prohibiting & Preventing the Illicit
Import, Export & Transfer of Ownership of Cultural
Property
15 seconds of fame
1972 Clifford Irving convicted for forging Howard Hughes
autobiography
1976 Education of Little Tree
1977 Turner identifies problems with Old Master drawings
in Getty Museum collection
1978 Hughes 'Mormon Will' ruled a forgery
1983 Hitler Diaries 'discovered' by Konrad Kujau
1987 JS Boggs prosecuted in UK for contravening 1981 Forgery
& Counterfeiting Act with hand-drawn £10,
£5 and £1 notes
1988 radiocarbon dating questions Shroud of Turin's authenticity
1990 'Getty Kouros' questioned
1985 'White Salamander' Mormon manuscripts forgery
1995 Unidroit Convention
on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects
1995 Binjamin Wilkomiski's Memories Of A Childhood
1995 French Army formally apologises for forgery and "military
conspiracy" in Dreyfus Affair
1998 Uniform Electronic Evidence Act in Canada
Jehoash, George Bush and beyond
2001 'Jehoash Tablet' discovery
2002 'St James Ossuary' discovery
2004 Israel government acts against alleged Jehoash and
Ossuary forgery ring
2004 UK Daily Mirror publishes photos purportedly
of Queen's Lancashire Regiment abusing Iraqi prisoners
2004 faked 'George Bush' documents during US presidential
campaign
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