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Note:
aviation and
aerospace
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aviation
This page considers activity in the air as a point of
reference for understanding cyberspace.
It covers -
There
is a supplementary note on the aviation
and aerospace industries, highlighting general studies
and works on particular lines and aerospace companies.
introduction
The air and outer space have been portrayed as paradigms
for cyberspace - areas of excitement (and boredom), commercial
opportunity, political opportunism, danger, international
conflict and global rulemaking of varying effectiveness.
flight
For an introduction see David Pascoe's Aircraft
(London: Reaktion 2004) and Ronald Miller & David
Sawers' The Technical Development of Modern Aviation
(New York: Praeger 1970).
For airships - in practice the first transcontinental
aircraft - see Peter Brooks' Zeppelin: Rigid Airships,
1893-1940 (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press
1992), Guillaume De Syon's Zeppelin!: Germany and
the Airship, 1900-1939 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
Uni Press 2002), Harold Dick's The Golden Age of Great
Passenger Ships: Graf Zeppelin & Hindenburg (Washington:
Smithsonian Institution Press 1991), Henry Meyer's Airshipmen,
Businessmen, & Politics, 1890-1940 (Washington:
Smithsonian Institution Press 1991), Douglas Robinson's
Giants in the Sky: A History of the Rigid Airship
(Seattle: Uni of Washington Press 1979) and Dr Eckener's
Dream Machine: The Great Zeppelin and the Dawn of Air
Travel (New York: Holt 2001) by Douglas Botting.
war and peace
Flight offered a mechanism for leaping borders to
engage in surveillance, deliver supplies - as in for example
the Berlin Airlift - or rain destruction. As a point of
entry see William Thompson's On Global War: Historical-Structural
Approaches to World Politics (Columbia: Uni of South
Carolina Press 1988), Robin Higham's Air Power - A
Concise History (New York: St Martin's 1972), Michael
Sherry's persuasive The Rise of American Air Power:
The Creation of Armageddon (New Haven: Yale Uni Press
1989), John Morrow's The Great War In the Air: Aviation
from 1909 to 1921 (Washington: Smithsonian 1993)
and John Buckley's Air Power in the Age of Total War
(Bloomington: Indiana Uni Press 1999). Alfred Gollin's
No Longer An Island (London: Heinemann 1984)
considers early thinking in the UK.
Two synoptic accounts of bombing are provided by Winfried
Sebald's problematical On The Natural History of Destruction
(London: Allen Lane 1999) and Sven Lindquist's A History
of Bombing (London: Granta 2002). Norman Polmar's
Aircraft Carriers: A Graphic History of Carrier Aviation
and Its Influence on World Events (Garden City: Doubleday
1969) considers flat tops.
For the airline industry corporate histories, often centred
on executive charisma and occasions of triumph or disaster
rather than a searching analysis of markets and corporate
performance, abound. Individual works are highlighted
here.
Broader studies of particular value are R E Davies' A
History of the World's Airlines (London: Oxford Uni
Press 1964), , Rigas Doganis' insightful The airline
industry in the 21st century (London: Routledge 2001),
TA Heppenheimer's Turbulent Skies: The History of
Commercial Aviation (New York: John Wiley 1995),
Steven Morrison & Clifford Winston's upbeat The
Evolution of the Airline Industry (Washington: Brookings
1995), Anthony Sampson's Empires of the Sky: The Politics,
Contests & Cartels of World Airlines (New York:
Random 1984), JP Hanlon's Global Airlines: Competition
in a Transnational Industry (Oxford: Butterworth
1999), Tae Oum & Jong-Hun Park's Globalisation
& Strategic Alliances: the Case of the Airline Industry
(New York: Pergamon 2000) and Flying the Flag: European
Commercial Air Transport Since 1945 (New York: St
Martins 1998) edited by Hans Dienel & Peter Lyth.
the state, economy and industrial policy
For the USSR see in particular Higham's Russian
Aviation and Air Power in the Twentieth Century (London:
Frank Cass 1998)
For airline policy see Flying into the Future: Air
Transport Policy in the European Union (Northampton:
Elgar 1998) edited by John Button & Kingsley Haynes.
Flying in the face of Competition: The Policies &
Diplomacy of Airline Regulatory Reform 1968-94 (Aldershot:
Ashgate 1995) and Peaceful Air Warfare: the United
States, Britain & the Politics of International Aviation
(New York: Oxford Uni Press 1998) by Alan Dobson are of
particular value. For an earlier period see Robert
van der Linden's Airlines and Air Mail: The Post Office
and the Birth of the Commercial Aviation Industry
(Lexington: Uni Press of Kentucky 2001).
Thomas Petzinger's Hard Landing: the Epic Contest
for Power & Profits that plunged the Airlines into
Chaos (New York: Times 1996) offers a journalistic
account of US domestic deregulation, complementing Susan
Goldenberg's Troubled Skies: Crisis, Competition &
Control in Canada's Airline Industry (Toronto: McGraw-Hill
Ryerson 1994) and Donald Whitnah's Safer Skyways:
Federal Control of Aviation, 1926-1966 (Ames: Iowa
State Uni Press 1966).
Works on the aerospace industry are highlighted here.
the experience
Salient works about the early years of powered flight
are Robert Wohl's perceptive A Passion For Wings:
Aviation & the Western Imagination 1908-18 (New
Haven: Yale Uni Press 1994), Peter Fritzsche's A Nation
of Flyers: German Aviation & the Popular Imagination
(Cambridge: Harvard Uni Press 1992) and Joseph Corn's
The Winged Gospel: America's Romance with Aviation
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Uni Press 2002).
An introduction to life aloft (or merely waiting in queues)
is provided by Mark Gottdiener's Life in the Air:
Surviving the new culture of air travel (Lanham:
Rowman & Littlefield 2001) and Why I Hate Flying:
Tales For the Tormented Traveler (London: Texere
2001) by management great Henry Mintzburg.
imagination and architecture
For depictions see Aviation in the Cinema (Metuchen:
Scarecrow Press 1985) by Stephen Pendo and The Flying
Machine & Modern Literature (Bloomington: Indiana
Uni Press 1986) by Laurence Goldstein.
Works on the airport as an architectural form include
the upbeat Naked Airport: a Cultural History of the
World's Most Revolutionary Structure (Chicago: Uni
of Chicago Press 2008) by Alastair Gordon, Airspaces
(London: Reaktion 2001) by David Pascoe and Politics
at the Airport (Minneapolis: Uni of Minnesota Press 2008) edited
by Mark Salter.
aviation law
The emergence of aviation law provides a model for
the development of the 'law of cyberspace' because it
has accommodated expectations about behaviour, commercial
relationships, the role of the state, alternative dispute
resolution mechanisms and questions of jurisdiction.
Examples of questions that have been successfully addressed
include -
- what
is the legal framework for activity in the air, ie beyond
the jurisdiction of a particular nation and potentially
involving participants from several countries?
- are
there rights of passage through a nation's airspace,
with an analogy to broadcasting across borders?
The
salient multilateral agreements are -
- 1929
Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating
to International Carriage by Air (Warsaw Convention)
- 1944
Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago
Convention)
- 1944
International Air Transport Agreement (Transport Agreement)
- 1944
International Air Services Transit Agreement (Transit
Agreement)
- 1948
Convention on the International Recognition of Rights
in Aircraft (Geneva Convention)
-
1952 Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft
to Third Parties on the Surface (Rome Convention)
- 1955
Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification
of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage
by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 (The Hague
Protocol 1955)
- 1956
Multilateral Agreement on Commercial Rights of Non-Scheduled
Air Services in Europe (Paris Agreement 1956)
- 1960
Multilateral Agreement relating to Certificates of Airworthiness
for Imported Aircraft (Paris Agreement 1960)
- 1961
Convention, Supplementary to the Warsaw Convention,
for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International
Carriage by Air Performed by a Person Other than the
Contracting Carrier (Guadalajara Convention 1961)
- 1963
Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed
on Board Aircraft (Tokyo Convention 1963)
- 1970
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure
of Aircraft (Hague Convention 1970)
- 1971
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Civil Aviation (Montreal
Convention 1971)
- 1975
Additional Protocols No. 1 through 3 to Amend the
Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating
to International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on
12 Oct 1929 (Additional Protocols 1975 Amending
Warsaw Convention)
- 1975
Montreal Protocol No. 4 to Amend the Convention
for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International
Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on 12 Oct 1929 as Amended
by the Protocol done at The Hague on 28 Sept 1955
(Montreal Protocol No. 4 1975)
- 1978
Protocol to Amend the Convention on Damage Caused
by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface
signed at Rome on 7 Oct 1952 (Montreal Protocol
1978).
- 1984
Protocol Relating to an Amendment to the Convention
on International Civil Aviation [Article 3 bis
- Non-use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight)
- 1988
Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of
Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation,
Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression
of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
done at Montreal on 23 September 1971 (Montreal
Supplementary Protocol 1988)
- 1988
International COSPAS-SARSAT Programme Agreement
- 1991
Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for
the Purpose of Detection
- 1999
Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for
International Carriage by Air (Montreal Convention 1999)
- 2001
Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment
(Cape Town Convention on Mobile Equipment 2001)
For
a crisp introduction to the Australian regime see Ronald
Bartsch's Aviation Law In Australia (Pyrmont:
Lawbook Co 2004).
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